• • • • Occupation Lawyer and Professor Profession Jurist, economist, politician, social reformer, anthropologist, author, historian, sociologist, social scientist, educationist, freedom fighter, journalist, human rights activist, philosopher Known for,,, Awards (posthumously in 1990) Signature Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956), popularly known as Babasaheb Ambedkar, was an Indian,, and who inspired the and campaigned against social towards the ( ), while also supporting the rights of women. He was independent India's first, the architect of the, and a founding father of the. Ambedkar was a prolific student earning in economics from both and the and gained a reputation as a scholar for his research in law, economics,. In his early career he was an economist, professor, and lawyer. His later life was marked by his political activities; he became involved in campaigning and negotiations for India's independence, publishing journals, advocating political rights and social freedom for Dalits, and contributing significantly to the establishment of the state of India. In 1956, he converted to initiating mass conversions of Dalits. In 1990, the, India's highest civilian award, was posthumously conferred upon Ambedkar.

Ambedkar's legacy includes numerous memorials and depictions in popular culture. Contents • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Early life Ambedkar was born on 14 April 1891 in the town and military cantonment of (now ) in the (now in ).

Ambedkar, a 2005 Kannada film directed by Sharan Kumar Kabbur, the role of Ambedkar was played by Vishnukanth B. Teesri Azadi, a 2006 Hindi film directed by Jabbar Patel. Ramabai Bhimrao Ambedkar, a 2011 Marathi film directed by Prakash Jadhav, the role of B.

He was the 14th and last child of, an army officer who held the rank of, and Bhimabai Sakpal, daughter of Laxman Murbadkar. His was of background from the town of () in of modern-day. Ambedkar was born into a poor low () caste, who were treated as and subjected to socio-economic discrimination.

Ambedkar's ancestors had long worked for the army of the, and his father served in the at the Mhow cantonment. Although they attended school, Ambedkar and other untouchable children were segregated and given little attention or help by teachers. They were not allowed to sit inside the class. When they needed to drink water, someone from a higher caste had to pour that water from a height as they were not allowed to touch either the water or the vessel that contained it.

This task was usually performed for the young Ambedkar by the school, and if the peon was not available then he had to go without water; he described the situation later in his writings as 'No peon, No Water'. He was required to sit on a which he had to take home with him. Ramji Sakpal retired in 1894 and the family moved to two years later. Shortly after their move, Ambedkar's mother died. The children were cared for by their paternal aunt and lived in difficult circumstances. Three sons – Balaram, Anandrao and Bhimrao – and two daughters – Manjula and Tulasa – of the Ambedkars survived them.

Of his brothers and sisters, only Ambedkar passed his examinations and went to high school. His original surname was Sakpal but his father registered his name as Ambadawekar in school, meaning he comes from his native village of in Ratnagiri district. His teacher, Krishna Keshav Ambedkar, changed his surname from 'Ambadawekar' to his own surname 'Ambedkar' in school records.

[ ] Education Post-secondary education In 1897, Ambedkar's family moved to Mumbai where Ambedkar became the only untouchable enrolled at. In 1906, when he was about 15 years old, his marriage to a nine-year-old girl, Ramabai, was. Undergraduate studies at the University of Bombay. Ambedkar as a student In 1907, he passed his matriculation examination and in the following year he entered, which was affiliated to the, becoming, according to him, the first from his Mahar caste to do so.

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In his book, The Buddha and his Dhamma, that when he passed his English fourth standard examinations, the people of his community wanted to celebrate because they considered that he had reached 'great heights' which he says was 'hardly an occasion compared to the state of education in other communities'. A public ceremony was evoked, to celebrate his success, by the community, and it was at this occasion that he was presented with a biography of the Buddha by Dada Keluskar, the author and a family friend. By 1912, he obtained his degree in economics and political science from Bombay University, and prepared to take up employment with the Baroda state government. His wife had just moved his young family and started work when he had to quickly return to Mumbai to see his ailing father, who died on 2 February 1913. Postgraduate studies at Columbia University In 1913, Ambedkar moved to the United States at the age of 22.